Stafne bone cavity (SBC), commonly known as Stafne bone cyst or defect is mostly asymptomatic, appearing as a unilateral, round or ovoid, radiolucent defect with thick and corticated border. Defects that are referred as pseudocysts generally occur in mandibular molar region, below the mandibular canal at the lingual side of the mandible and may grow slowly in time. They have been also located lingually in the anterior mandible above the mylohyoid muscle, and on the ascending ramus just inferior to mandibular condyle or very rarely buccal region of the ascending ramus. The aim of this case report is to present two unusual cases of SBC detected incidentally during radiographic examination with cone beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. In the first case, significant enlargement caused vestibular resorption of the buccal cortex, which is a rare finding with SBCs and in the second case the large bone resorption reached up to the mental foramen.

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Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaw bones is a rare benign intraosseous lesions that is commonly seen as indolent lesions in the mandible anterior to the first molar. It is a localized osteolytic lesion with the varied biologic behavior of aggression which affects the jaw bones. There is much controversy regarding it arising as a result of trauma and its connection with the giant cell lesion seen in the long bones. Since the lesion is uncommon, does not possess any characteristic clinical or radiologic features, and resembles neoplasms, the diagnosis is initially some odontogenic or non-odontogenic neoplasm till a definitive histologic diagnosis of CGCG is made. CGCG is divided into a rare aggressive variant and a common nonaggressive variant based on the clinical and radiographic features. The present case is a rare aggressive CGCG seen in the posterior mandible associated with mandibular swelling, rapid growth, pain, paraesthesia, and cortical bone perforation.

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Intraosseous vascular lesions are rare conditions, comprising only 0.5-1% of all intraosseous tumors. Found mainly in the second decade of life, especially in female. Vertebral column and skull are the most common sites; nevertheless, the mandible is a quite rare location. Hemangiomas are benign vasoformative neoplasms of endothelial origin. However, the origin of central hemangioma is debatable. Some authors believe that it is a true neoplasm, whereas others state it as a hamartomatous lesion. The clinical and radiographic presentation is relatively nonspecific; therefore, a proper diagnosis has to be made. Clinically, the patient may be completely symptom-free or may present pulsatile bleeding, slow growing bluish mass, mobile teeth, and deranged dentition, early dental exfoliation and discomfort in normal life. Cavernous hemangioma produce dilemma in diagnosis with neoplasms such as ameloblastoma, cystic lesions such as residual cyst, keratocyst, osteosarcoma, central giant cell granuloma, multiple myeloma, and fibro-osseous lesions such as fibrous dysplasia. Among various treatment modalities, surgery is frequently used. A case report of 14-year-old male patient with cavernous hemangioma of right mandibular body with vague clinical features, but a characteristic radiographic and histological picture is presented here.

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Visual inspection and bimanual palpation are the cornerstones of diagnosis of diseases of the oral cavity. Clinical examination, however, could underestimate the deep spread of tumors and thereby the submucosal extent and limiting accurate pretreatment staging of disease. Imaging provides additional staging information such as precise location and local extent of the tumor which help in the selection of most effective treatment option and extent of surgical excision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers an excellent aid for the evaluation of tumors of the oral cavity due to direct visualization of soft tissue in multiple planes. An interesting case of a 35-year-old male patient with extensive lymph nodal mass involving left side of the neck with limited mouth opening is reported. MRI was very helpful in locating the site of primary neoplastic mass along with providing the exact extent of the tumor and its effect on adjacent vital structures.

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The stylohyoid complex (SC) connects the temporal bone to the hyoid bone and may suffer anatomical variations that are represented by an increase in length of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. Reported here is a case of a 58-year-old asymptomatic patient who presented an unusual clinical manifestation on the floor of the mouth, which precluded the installation and adaptation of dental prostheses. The first diagnostic hypothesis was sialolithiasis. Panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography revealed a massive ossified SC. Preprosthetic surgery was performed. The present case report highlights that the styloid complex may present unusual anatomical variations which can be clinically and radiographically detectable.

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Context: Recent studies have emphasized the advantages of digital radiographic imaging systems for periodontal evaluation. Because digital enhancement filters are designed to improve image quality, the real impact of such improvement on diagnostic accuracy needs to be evaluated for different clinical tasks. Aims: To assess the efficacy of digital enhancement filters in the radiographic determination of the alveolar bone level. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four digital periapical radiographs were obtained from mandibular sites with alveolar bone loss. Two enhancement filters-perio and invert-were applied separately and jointly on all radiographic images. The alveolar bone level was measured by consensus agreement of two examiners in 55 sites on the standard and enhanced radiographic images. A single examiner obtained the actual measurements on the dry mandible by using a periodontal probe and a digital caliper. For each assessment site, three measurements were obtained and averaged. One-way analysis of variance for differences between the actual measurements and radiographic image groups was performed (α = 0.05). Results: The digital radiographic measurements overestimated the actual by approximately 0.2 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between radiographic image groups. Furthermore, none of them differed from the actual measurements. Conclusion: Under the tested conditions, the perio and invert enhancement filters did not interfere with the efficacy of the radiographic images, which were accurate in determining the alveolar bone level.

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Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant epithelial tumor of salivary glands. A 53-year-old man with intraosseous ACC in the mandible presented to our Faculty of Dentistry. Clinical examination revealed the swelling and enlarged local lymph nodes in the right mandibular area. After histopathological and radiological examination, ACC in the right mandibular molar area with lung metastasis was reported. We also review the literature.

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It is critical to determine the location and variation of mental foramen (MF) during the implant treatment. Multiple numbers of MF can be seen in the mandible, and they are called as accessory MF (AMF). Detecting the anatomic variations including AMFs with radiological examinations before surgical applications are important to prevent neurovascular complications. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a beneficial method to determine the anatomical structures such as MF and its anatomical variations. The aim of this case report was to present the diagnosis of AMF localized at the left side of the mandible of a 44-year-old woman patient who was applied for implant therapy. Treatment planning and postoperative evaluation were performed with CBCT.

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