Congenital absence of the major salivary gland is a rare disorder, and the cause of absence has not been determined yet. In literature, disorder has been described to affect the submandibular and parotid gland along with multiple other facial developmental anomalies. Most commonly, congenital aplasia of submandibular gland is associated with compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral submandibular gland. Clinically, patients may be asymptomatic or may present with dryness of the mouth, difficulty in chewing and swallowing, and dental caries. We present a case of 34-year-old female with right submandibular gland aplasia associated with stone in the left submandibular duct causing proximal dilatation incidentally detected in the computed tomography.

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Background: Anatomic variations of the maxillary sinuses affect the success of maxillary sinus operations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and localizations of antral septa in patients living in and around Diyarbakır/Turkey using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the maxillary sinuses of these patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using 692 CBCT reports obtained from patients. The antral septa identified on CBCT were separated into three regions based on their localizations. The region from the mesial to the distal of the 2^nd premolar tooth was defined as the anterior region, the region from the distal of the 2^nd premolar tooth to the distal of the 2^nd molar tooth was defined as the medial region, and the region after the distal of the 2^nd molar tooth was defined as the posterior region. Results: A total of 148 antral septa were observed in a total of 119 patients. Based on the number of patients, antral septa were detected in approximately 22% of the patients. The maxillary sinuses, in which antral septa were observed constituted 13.7% of the total examined healthy sinus. Of the detected antral septa, 17 were in the anterior region, 26 were in the posterior region, and 105 were in the medial region. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence and localization of the antral septa in the left and right maxillary sinuses. Conclusions: The results obtained in our study indicate that the prevalence of antral septa is high that antral septa can be found in approximately one out of five people living in our region. For this reason, the anatomy of the region should be evaluated extensively with imaging.

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Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides accurate anatomical details in three-dimensional and multiplanar reformation images for diagnosis and treatment planning. We examined one surgical specimen of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) by CBCT. CBCT images of the surgical specimen of MRONJ showed osteolytic changes in the jaws, sclerotic lesion, and sequestrum separation. Furthermore, high-resolution mode (tube voltage, 90.0 kV; tube current, 4.00 mA; rotation time,16.8 s; field of view, 56 mm × 56 mm; thickness, 0.099 mm) was sharper than standard mode (tube voltage, 90.0 kV; tube current, 4.00 mA; rotation time, 16.8 s; field of view, 81 mm × 81 mm; thickness, 0.144 mm) and high-density mode (tube voltage, 90.0 kV; tube current, 4.00 mA; rotation time, 33.5 s; field of view, 81 mm × 81 mm; thickness, 0.144 mm). We showed that CBCT, especially the high-resolution mode, is useful for the evaluation of surgical specimen of the jaw, such as MRONJ. This report can be used for reference in future studies and in clinical settings.

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Context: Imaging examinations afford more consistent details than clinical evaluation in the investigation process and make the differential diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs) easier. Aims: This study aimed to check agreement among professionals from different fields of work evaluating TMDs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and based on ten diagnoses criteria: Position, shape and recapture of joint disk, joint mobility, degenerative changes, bone changes, condyle position, effusion, intramedullary edema, and avascular necrosis. Methods: An oral and maxillofacial radiologist, a medical radiologist, and a dental surgeon specialized in TMD and orofacial pain interpreted 152 MRI taken from 76 patients. A scenario simulating daily activities was devised, which neither calibration nor discussion of criteria was assessed. Interobserver agreement was measured using the Kappa coefficient. Results: Poor agreement was observed in avascular necrosis; a slight agreement was recorded in form and position of the joint disk, condyle position, effusion; fair agreement in TMJ mobility and disk recapture; moderate to almost perfect agreement in condylar changes, degenerative changes, and intramedullary edema. Conclusion: Professionals from different areas that interpret TMJ disorders using MRI did not agree on the diagnoses, especially for the soft-tissue changes.

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