Sialolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of salivary glands and major cause for their dysfunction. It is more common in submandibular glands than in the parotid glands. In this report, the diagnosis and treatment of an unusual angulated parotid duct sialolith in a 25-year-old female in left Stensen's duct are presented with recurrent pericoronitis. Role of soft tissue intraoral periapical radiograph and cone beam computerized tomography in diagnosis and determining location and dimensions of sialolith is discussed.

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the literature to provide a better understanding of effectiveness of orthopantomogram in determining mandibular vertical measurements. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted through the Medline database (Entrez PubMed), Web of Science, and Scopus. All the articles in which the primary objective was to investigate the effectiveness of orthopantomograph in diagnosing mandibular asymmetry in the vertical plane were included in the meta-analysis. Results: Out of 100 potentially relevant articles, only 18 met all the inclusion criteria. The rest all other articles were excluded that were not filling the initial selection criteria, and which did not actually address the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in assessing asymmetry with reasons. Conclusion: Caution is advised when using conventional or digital panoramic images to assess vertical measurements. Vertical measurements are usually more accurate than horizontal measurements and angular measurements, but still they are not the true representation of the real objects. Therefore, understanding the limitations of every form of panoramic imaging is required. Future studies with panoramic images generated from three-dimensional data are required to determine whether they overcome the limitations of conventional and digital panoramic images.

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Context: Anatomical variations are very important in planning a paranasal sinus (PNS) surgery. Currently, there are limited data on olfactory depth in the South Indian subpopulation. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the olfactory fossa (OF) depth using Computed Tomography (CT) in the South Indian population. Settings and Design: This retrospective study was conducted in radiology, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar. Materials and Methods: A single radiologist analyzed computed tomography (CT) and medical records of 287 patients from October 2020 to March 2021. OF depth (Keros classification) was considered the primary outcome variable. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, frequency, and proportion for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analyzed using coGuide_V.1.0. Results: The mean age was 44.2 years in the study population. Among the study population, 183 (63.76%) were male, and the remaining 104 (36.24%) were female. In people with Keros classification right side, 62 (21.60%) falls under Type I, 209 (72.82%) were Type II, and 16 (5.57%) were Type III. In people with Keros classification left side, 33 (11.50%) were Type I, 240 (83.62%) were Type II, and 14 (4.88%) were Type III. Conclusion: Keros Type II OF was more common in the study population, and the least common was Type III. The knowledge of OF depth may help the radiologists analyze this region's scans and minimize complications associated with surgeries in this delicate area.

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Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the related factors to internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We reviewed the MRI of 60 TMJs that were examined MRI and diagnosed with internal derangement. Characteristics of the patients with internal derangement such as gender, age, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were examined. Statistical analyses of each characteristic such as gender, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were performed by cross-tabulation. The age difference was analyzed using Mann–Whitney test. The relationships between internal derangement and gender, age, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were also analyzed by logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results: The occurrence of internal derangement was different by gender (P = 0.021), and the number was larger on women. The presence of disturbance of mouth opening was significantly larger on disc displacement without reduction compared to that on disc displacement with reduction (P = 0.027). Age, TMJ pain, and joint effusion were not different between disc displacement with reduction and disc displacement without reduction. The result of logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that gender and disturbance of mouth opening were related to the higher risk of internal derangement (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggested that internal derangement would be easier to occur on women, and the disturbance of mouth opening was occurring easily on disc displacement without reduction.

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